Welcome back to our series of case studies of research funders using the Grant Linking System. In this interview, I talk with CĂĄtia Laranjeira, PTCRIS Program Manager at FCCN|FCT, Portugalâs main public funding agency, about the agencyâs approach to metadata, persistent identifiers, Open Science and Open Infrastructure.
With a holistic approach to the management, production and access to information on science, FCCN|FCT’s decision to implement the Grant Linking System within their processes was not simply a technical upgrade, but a coordinated effort to continue building a strong culture of openness. With the mantra âregister once, reuse alwaysâ, FCCN|FCT efforts to embrace open funding metadata was only logical.
Repositories are home to a wide range of scholarly content; they often archive theses, dissertations, preprints, datasets, and other valuable outputs. These records are an important part of the research ecosystem and should be connected to the broader scholarly record. But to truly serve their purpose, repository records need to be connected to each other, to the broader research ecosystem, and to the people behind the research. Metadata is what makes that possible. Enhancing metadata is a way to tell a fuller, more accurate story of research. It helps surface relationships between works, people, funders, and institutions, and allows us as a community to build and use a more connected, more useful network of knowledge - what Crossref calls the âResearch Nexusâ.
The Crossref Grant Linking System (GLS) has been facilitating the registration, sharing and re-use of open funding metadata for six years now, and we have reached some important milestones recently! What started as an interest in identifying funders through the Open Funder Registry evolved to a more nuanced and comprehensive way to share and re-use open funding data systematically. Thatâs how, in collaboration with the funding community, the Crossref Grant Linking System was developed. Open funding metadata is fundamental for the transparency and integrity of the research endeavour, so we are happy to see them included in the Research Nexus.
ROR IDs and Affiliations of authors can now be tracked in Participation Reports! Check your own Participation Report to see how many of your publications have author affiliations and ROR IDs in Crossref metadata. If you deposit metadata via XML, see our guide on Affiliations and ROR for instructions on how to include affiliations and ROR IDs in your metadata.
Crossref encourages our members to include ROR IDs in metadata in order to help make research organisation information clear and consistent as it is shared between systems. ROR IDs are essential to realize a rich and complete Research Nexus because they enable connections between research outputs and the organisations that support researchers.
“At Scholastica, we care about taking steps to enrich metadata â like adding ROR IDs, for example, on behalf of our customers, so they donât have to worry about the technical aspects of metadata collection or creation and can instead focus on maximizing the discovery benefits.” – Cory Schires, Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer, Scholastica
“If weâre talking about misconduct, then you might need to be able to contact the institution that the author is from. On an individual manuscript, it doesnât matter if thereâs no identifier â an address will do. But if you find some signal that is on manuscripts at scale, and youâve got thousands of them, well, you need an identifier. You canât go through them and try and search for every single one of those institutions.” – Adam Day, CEO, Clear Skies Ltd.
ROR IDs are specifically designed to be implemented in any system that captures institutional affiliations and to enable a richer networked research infrastructure. ROR IDs are interoperable with other organisation identifiers, including GRID (which provided the seed data that ROR launched with), the Open Funder Registry, ISNI, and Wikidata. ROR data is available under a CC0 Public Domain waiver and can be accessed at no cost via a public API and a data dump.
ROR is operated as a joint initiative by Crossref, DataCite, and the California Digital Library, and was launched with seed data from GRID in collaboration with Digital Science. These organisations have invested resources into building an open registry of research organisation identifiers that can be embedded in scholarly infrastructure to effectively link research to organisations. ROR is not a membership organisation (or an organisation at all!) and charges no fees for use of the registry or the API. Read more about ROR’s sustainability model.
Why ROR IDs are an important element of Crossref metadata
For a long time, Crossref only collected affiliation metadata as free-text strings, which made for ambiguity and incomplete data. An author affiliated with the University of California at Berkeley might give the name of the university in any of several common ways:
University of California, Berkeley
University of California at Berkeley
University of California Berkeley
UC Berkeley
Berkeley
And likely more âŠ
While it isnât too difficult for a human to guess that âUC Berkeley,â âUniversity of California, Berkeley,â and âUniversity of California at Berkeleyâ are all referring to the same university, a machine interpreting this information wouldnât necessarily make the same inference. If you are trying to easily find all of the publications associated with UC Berkeley, you would need to run and reconcile multiple searches at best, or, at worst, miss some data completely.
This is where an organisation identifier comes in: a single, unambiguous, standardized identifier that will always stay the same. For UC Berkeley, that would be https://ror.org/01an7q238.
In 2019, Crossref members indicated that the ability to associate research outputs with organisations in a clean and consistent fashion was one of their most desired improvements to Crossref metadata. In January of 2022, therefore, Crossref added support for ROR IDs in its metadata schema and APIs. Since then, more and more Crossref members have been including ROR IDs in DOI metadata.
Publishers and service providers can implement ROR in their systems so that submitting authors and co-authors can easily choose their affiliation from a ROR-powered list instead of typing in free text. Authors themselves do not have to provide a ROR ID or even know that a ROR ID is being collected. This affiliation information can then be sent to Crossref alongside other publication information.
Demo of collecting ROR IDs in a typeahead field
If the submission system you use does not yet support ROR, or if you don’t use a submission system, you’ll still be able to provide ROR IDs in your Crossref metadata. ROR IDs can be added to JATS XML, and Crossref helper tools will start to support the deposit of ROR IDs. There’s also an OpenRefine reconciler that can map your internal identifiers to ROR identifiers.
ROR IDs for affiliations stand to transform the usability of Crossref metadata. While itâs crucial to have IDs for affiliations, itâs equally important that the affiliation data can be easily used. The ROR dataset is CC0, so ROR IDs and associated affiliation data can be freely and openly used and reused without any restrictions.
The ROR IDs registered by members in their Crossref metadata are available via Crossrefâs open APIs so that they can be detected, analyzed, and reused by anyone interested in linking research outputs to research organisations. Examples include
Institutions who want to monitor and measure their research output by the articles their researchers have published
Funders who want to be able to discover and track the research and researchers they have supported
Academic librarians who want to find all of the publications associated with their campus
Journals who want to know where authors are affiliated so they can determine eligibility for institutionally sponsored publishing agreements
The inclusion of ROR IDs in Crossref metadata will eventually help all these entities make all these connections much more easily.
Get ready to ROR đŠ!
ROR is already working with publishers, funders and service providers who are integrating ROR in their systems, mapping their affiliation data to ROR IDs, and/or including ROR IDs in publication metadata. Libraries and institutional repositories are also beginning to build ROR into their systems and to send ROR IDs to Crossref in their metadata. See the growing list of active and in-progress ROR integrations for more stakeholders who are supporting ROR.
If you deposit metadata with Crossref via XML, see our guide on Affiliations and ROR for instructions on how to include author affiliations and ROR IDs.
For further information on how ROR IDs are supported in the Crossref metadata, you can take a look at this .xsd file (under the âinstitutionâ element) or in this journal article example XML. ROR also has some great help documentation for publishers and anyone else working with the ROR Registry.
